Animal Model: How Do Animal Models Advance Biomedical Research?

Animal models play a central role in biomedical research by providing a controlled biological system to study human diseases, drug responses, and therapeutic mechanisms. Researchers use various species—such as mice, rats, zebrafish, and primates—because they share significant genetic, physiological, and anatomical similarities with humans. These models help scientists observe disease progression in real time, test the safety and efficacy of new drugs, and validate molecular targets before human trials begin.

Genetically engineered animal models allow researchers to replicate specific human mutations, making it possible to study complex conditions like cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, and autoimmune disorders. In infectious disease research, animal models enable the evaluation of vaccine performance and antiviral strategies under controlled conditions.

Despite their advantages, ethical considerations and translational limitations—where results may not perfectly mimic human outcomes—are important factors. Advancements in alternatives such as organoids, computer simulations, and in vitro systems are being explored, yet animal models remain indispensable in early-stage research. Their continued refinement enhances predictive accuracy, helping accelerate the pipeline from discovery to clinical application.